The suit thing is much more difficult than the sweating. As runner pat said, if you shower and use deodorant before you leave, body odor shouldn’t be a problem. Having a shower would be a nice way to cool down but when I ride to work (13 miles with significant inclines) I show up drenched with sweat and just towel off and cool down at my desk for ten minutes before changing into work clothes.
My office is business casual, so I just toss a pair of khakis, button down shirt, undershirt, socks and shorts into a dry bag with my wallet and phone. I wear bicycle shoes with cleats so I leave a pair of shoes in the office. Wearing a suit and tie every day, I would definitely transport clothing by car as Kyrie Eleison suggests, but I wouldn’t (and don’t) let a lack of shower stop me from riding.
I would definitely suggest getting a rack and panniers. Carrying a backpack on a bike sucks. Even if you’re not carrying clothing, I recommend getting a dry bag. I use a 20L Seal Line but for just wallet, phone and other small items, the 5L is probably sufficient. The 20L fills up a full bag on my panniers. You can opt to drive in on rainy mornings but there’s not much you can do on a rainy evening after you’ve already biked in. Which also reminds me to recommend a blinking headlight and tail light. Even if you don’t plan to ride after dark, they’re a necessity in the rain and even wise to use in overcast conditions. I don’t use mine in bright daylight, but I wear jerseys with the word “screaming” in their color description, so consider using them all the time if you prefer more subdued bicycle clothing.